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Start by playing a full game together · Lesson 07

Why some points cannot be played

You cannot place a stone on an occupied intersection. You also cannot leave your whole group with no liberties unless you capture opposing stones and gain liberties. Such empty points are forbidden moves.

First remove opposing stones with no liberties, then check your own. If capturing gives your stone a liberty, the move is not suicide. Being surrounded at the instant of placement does not by itself make a move illegal.

Sometimes each side can capture a single stone back, creating ko. This game prohibits immediate recapture that restores the position before the opponent’s last move. Play elsewhere first, wait for the reply, then check whether recapture is possible. The opponent may also connect the ko meanwhile.

A move elsewhere is not useful just because it is elsewhere. Why an opponent might answer, and when a ko is worth fighting, are covered in “Ko threats and ko for life.”

Point already occupied

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E5, marked ×, already contains a black stone. Neither side can place another stone there.

Illegal point

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Black to play: E5 is empty, but playing there leaves no liberties and captures no surrounding white stones. Black cannot play E5.

Before taking the ko

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Black to play: White E5 has only F5 as a liberty. Black F5 captures E5 and gains a liberty, making the move legal.

After taking the ko

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After Black captures E5, White cannot immediately return to × at E5. That would capture F5 and restore the position before the ko capture. This is the ko rule’s ban on immediate recapture.

Original lessons by Yiban ·